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Injection Molding Design Guidelines

Real tolerances, mold choices, CMM/SPC evidence, and before-after fixes from production tools.

mold design principles

What are the principles and core aspects of Injection Molding Design?

Precision, Efficiency, Maintainability

Injection mold design focuses on precision, efficiency, and durability. Key elements include optimized parting lines, balanced runners, proper venting, and efficient cooling to ensure uniform filling and reduce defects. Standardized, wear-resistant components extend tool life and minimize downtime. Features like sliders and lifters aid complex demolding. Modular design ensures easy maintenance. A well-designed mold ensures consistent quality and cost-effective mass production.

Injection-molding-design

Design Principles (with practical ranges)

Wall Thickness & Uniformity

Wall Thickness & Uniformity

  • Typical engineering plastics: 2–3 mm
    (PC/ABS 2.2–2.8, PA66 1.8–2.4, PP 1.6–2.2 mm).

  • Use ribs instead of mass: rib thickness 0.5–0.6×t, height ≤ 3×t, draft ≥ 0.5–1°/side.

  • Internal radii R ≈ 0.5–0.6×t to lower stress and sink.
    Effect: shorter cycle, less sink/warp.

Draft Angle

Draft Angle

  • Smooth faces ≥ 1°; textured faces 2–3° (more for deep grains).

  • Increase draft on deep cores, tall ribs/bosses.
    Effect: clean ejection, lower wear, longer tool life.

Parting Line Side Actions

Parting Line & Side Actions

  • Route PL on non-cosmetic faces; avoid sealing/functional surfaces.

  • Remove undercuts where possible; else merge to one side, keep stroke short, add draft.
    Rule: simpler = cheaper, safer, easier to maintain.

Gates Runners Hot Runner

Gates / Runners / Hot Runner

  • Gate into thick sections / flow center for packing; hide gates from A-surface (use submarine/edge).

  • Large/thick parts: fan/tab gates to boost local fill.

  • Hot runner for multi-cavity/large parts/color-sensitive jobs; cold runner is cheaper but adds cycle and trimming.

  • Keep gate land short to avoid shear overheating and difficult gate freeze.
    Goal: balanced flow + effective packing.

Venting

Venting

  • Put vents at end-of-fill & weld-line risk areas: depth 0.02–0.05 mm, width ≥ 3 mm.

  • Natural vents at slider/inserts joints—control flash and strength.
    Direct impact: fewer burns, splay, weak welds.

Cooling System critical

Cooling System (critical)

  • Channel Ø 6–12 mm; 1.0–1.5ר from cavity surface.

  • Pitch 3–4ר; target hotspots and thick zones.

  • Aim for turbulent flow (Re > 4000); use parallel circuits to manage pressure drop.

  • Use conformal channels / Cu alloys / heat pipes at hotspots.
    Goal: uniform cooling → shorter cycle & controlled warp.

Ejection

Ejection

  • Place ejectors near ribs/thick zones/opposite the gate; distribute force.

  • On cosmetic faces use ejector plates/air-eject/lifters/strippers; design witness breakouts.
    Outcome: smooth release with minimal marks.

Shrinkage Tolerance Datums

Shrinkage, Tolerance & Datums

  • Start from resin shrink; close critical dims steel-safe after T1.

  • Typical plastic tolerances ±0.05–0.10 mm; control function with GD&T datums + CMM.

  • Capability targets: Cpk ≥ 1.33 (general) / ≥ 1.67 (critical); Gage R&R ≤ 10%.
    Result: drawing → tool → production stays aligned and traceable.

Mold Steels Surfaces

Mold Steels & Surfaces

  • Durable/corrosion-resistant: H13 (1.2344), S136/420SS.

  • Cost-effective pre-hard: P20 (1.2311).

  • High conductivity inserts: Be-Cu / Cu alloys.

  • Texture/polish regions: stainless or higher hardness; add extra draft for texture.
    Foundation: life, cosmetics, maintenance cost.

Architecture Maintainability

Architecture & Maintainability

  • Prefer 2-plate tools; use 3-plate or hot runner for degating/multi-gate needs.

  • Modular inserts at wear edges, gate areas, core tips for quick service.

  • Robust guiding: leader pins/bushings, slide angles/strokes with safety margin.
    Outcome: high uptime, fast repairs.

Simulation Verification

Simulation & Verification

  • Fill/Pack/Cool/Warp CAE = pre-check, not the finish line.

  • After T1: verify with CMM, real cycle, and cosmetic AQL; converge at T2/T3 into the production window.

  • Documents: FAI/PPAP + MSA (Gage R&R) to make quality provable.

Common Material Windows

Common Material “Windows”

  • PC/ABS: walls 2.2–2.8 mm; mold 70–90 °C; texture needs ≥ 3° draft.

  • PA66-GF30: walls 2.0–2.4 mm; watch fiber-orientation warp; symmetrical cooling.

  • PP: walls 1.6–2.2 mm; higher shrink—reserve steel-safe.

  • POM: good stability; avoid stress risers; ensure clean venting.

General process of mold design (to create a perfect injection mold)

Process Analysis of the Plastic Part

Process Analysis of the Plastic Part (DFM / Material / Window)

Objective
Verify manufacturability, material suitability, and an initial molding window with quantified risks/costs.

Inputs
3D & 2D drawings, target resin(s), cosmetic/functional requirements, forecast/volume, target part cost.

Key Tasks & Numbers

  • Wall & uniformity: typical engineering plastics 2–3 mm (PC/ABS 2.2–2.8; PA66 1.8–2.4; PP 1.6–2.2).

  • Ribs instead of mass: rib 0.5–0.6×t, height ≤ 3×t, draft ≥ 0.5–1°/side.

  • Draft: smooth ≥ 1°; textured 2–3° (more for deep grains).

  • Gate first guess: into thick zone/flow center; hide from A-surface; large parts → fan/tab gates.

  • Venting: weld/end-of-fill vents 0.02–0.05 mm deep, ≥ 3 mm wide.

  • Shrink & tolerance: adopt steel-safe for critical fits; apply GD&T datums for function.

  • Material window: state melt/mold temp, injection/hold/cool ranges and pitfalls (e.g., PC stress-crack, PA moisture).

Deliverables

  • DFM Report: issue → recommendation → expected impact (material/cycle/cosmetics/dimensions).

  • Material & colorant note: shrink, flow, chemical resistance, texture compatibility.

  • Startup process card: initial ranges for melt/mold temp, injection/hold, cooling.

Acceptance / KPIs
Stakeholder approval of ≥ 90% DFM items; risk table with numeric targets (e.g., Cpk ≥ 1.67 for criticals).

Mold Architecture Mechanical Design

Mold Architecture & Mechanical Design (PL / Actions / Cooling / Ejection)

Objective
Achieve a simple, stable, maintainable tool that meets cosmetic and dimensional goals.

Key Tasks & Numbers

  • Parting line (PL) on non-cosmetic/non-seal faces; avoid polish dead-corners and flash risks.

  • Side actions: eliminate if possible; otherwise merge to one side, keep stroke short, add draft.

  • Gates & runners: balance flow; cold runner sections/angles for easy de-gating; hot runner manifold balance & valve timing.

  • Cooling (critical)

    • Channel Ø 6–12 mm; distance from cavity 1.0–1.5ר; pitch 3–4ר.

    • Cover thick zones/hotspots; parallel circuits to manage ΔP; target turbulent flow (Re > 4000).

    • Hotspots → conformal channels / Cu-alloy inserts / heat pipes.

  • Ejection: pins/sleeves near ribs & thick zones; on cosmetics prefer ejector plates/air-eject/strippers; breakouts planned.

  • Maintainability: insertize wear edges, gates, core tips; robust guiding (pins/bushings, slide angles with safety margin).

  • Metrology: define datums A/B/C and fixture reference for CMM.

Deliverables

  • Full 2D/3D tool design pack (exploded, BOM, interference check).

  • Cooling coverage snapshot (simulation or engineering map).

  • Ejection force & stroke check with layout.

Acceptance / KPIs
Prefer 2-plate where feasible; minimal side actions; ≥ 95% hotspot coverage; ejection balanced with no cosmetic risk.

Mold Steels Standard Components

Mold Steels & Standard Components (Life / Cosmetics / Cost)

Objective
Match tool steels and standards to product life, cosmetic grade, and lead-time.

Key Tasks

  • Cavity/core steels:

    • High polish/corrosion: S136 / 420SS

    • General high-life: H13 / 1.2344

    • Pre-hard economy: P20 / 1.2311

    • High-conductivity inserts: Be-Cu / Cu-alloys

  • Surface & texture: use stainless or higher hardness in textured/polished regions; add extra draft for texture.

  • Standards: leader pins/bushings, springs, date stamps, locating rings, ejectors/sleeves; hot runner brand/spec (Husky/Yudo/etc.).

  • Life & service: hardness targets, nitriding/coatings (TiN/DLC) plans; modular wear inserts; spare kit list.

Deliverables

  • Steel & heat-treat sheet with hardness/coatings.

  • Standards selection table: brand/spec/lead-time/alternates.

Acceptance / KPIs
Steels aligned to cosmetic & life goals; critical items have alternates; spares & lead-times confirmed.

Hot Runner Decision

Hot Runner Decision (Make or Not) — ROI Logic

Objective
Optimize unit cost, appearance, and takt time via an explicit ROI.

Use Hot Runner when

  • High cavitation / high UPH; large parts/long flow; visible A-surface needs valve-gated hides; expensive resins/color-critical.

Prefer Cold Runner when

  • Low volume / many SKUs; manual/auto de-gating acceptable; lax unit-cost/takt constraints.

Economic Checklist

  • Upfront hot-runner cost vs cold sprue material waste + longer cycle.

  • Valve-gate benefits on cosmetics/weld lines & scrap rate.

  • Maintenance complexity and downtime.

Deliverables

  • Hot runner Feasibility/ROI: TCO comparison, payback months.

  • Manifold/valve plan: zones, thermocouples, timing, service access.

Acceptance / KPIs
ROI ≥ target (e.g., 6–12 months payback); cosmetic/takt goals reachable; serviceability proven.

Manufacturing of Mold Parts Assembly

Manufacturing of Mold Parts & Assembly (Precision / Schedule / Traceability)

Objective
Produce to spec with full traceability and fast serviceability.

Part Manufacturing Flow
Rough → Heat treat → Semi-finish → Finish/EDM → Fitting → Polish/Texture.

Controls & Numbers

  • Steel-safe stock on critical fits; tight control on guides/mating faces.

  • Surface: polish grade & texture spec recorded; EDM kept off cosmetics or removable.

  • Cooling: drill/ream/tap per print; flow & pressure test each loop.

  • Part IDs & traveler: unique ID for every insert/slide; in-process inspection photos/data.

Assembly
Clean environment; torque-controlled fastening; verify guide pins/bushings, slide preloads/strokes; smooth ejection; hot-runner leak/ohm tests; cooling pressure test 0.5–1.0 MPa.

Deliverables

  • In-process QC records (dims/GD&T hardness/roughness).

  • Cooling & hot-runner test results (flow/pressure/temperature balance).

  • Assembly checklist (interference, ejection sync, valve stroke, sensors/limits).

Acceptance / KPIs
100% pass on critical dimensions; no motion interference; cooling/hot runner pass tests; clean assembly.

T Trials T0T1T2… Convergence to Production

T-Trials (T0/T1/T2…) & Convergence to Production

Objective
Use disciplined trials and data loops to lock the production window quickly.

Preparation
Startup process card; resin lot & drying records; color/texture standards; CMM program & sampling plan; AQL for cosmetics (e.g., Level II: Major 1.0 / Minor 2.5).

T0 (dry-run)
Prove water circuits, heaters/TCs, valve strokes, ejection sync; a few shots only to validate paths and release.

T1 (window exploration)
Run DOE across injection speed, hold pressure/time, melt/mold temps, cooling time.
Log each shot → weight, dimensions, cosmetics, cycle; decide on gate/vent/cooling corrections; steel-safe trim where needed.

T2 (appearance & dimension validation)
Target: cosmetic pass + Cpk ≥ 1.33 (general) / ≥ 1.67 (critical).
Deliver FAI pack: ballooned drawings, raw CMM, capability charts, resin/drying records, final parameters.

T3 (pilot / ramp validation)
Stable run (e.g., 4–8 h) confirms takt & scrap.
Issue PPAP L3 (auto) or AS9102 FAI (aero) + MSA/Gage R&R ≤ 10%.

Common Issues & Fast Fixes

  • Sink/warp: unify walls; ribs 0.5–0.6×t; gate into thick zone; optimize hold/cool; consider gas-assist/Cu inserts.

  • Weld/splay: add 0.02–0.05 mm vents; change gate type/location; reduce shear heat.

  • Eject marks: add draft; rebalance ejectors/areas; use air-eject/blocks; reduce sticking.

Deliverables

  • Trial report: DOE table, cosmetic results, dimensional capability, fixes, next actions.

  • Production process card: locked parameter window + reaction plan (temp/pressure/time limits & responses).

Acceptance / KPIs
Cosmetics pass; capability targets met; cycle & scrap meet business goals; documentation complete (FAI/PPAP/MSA/SOP).

Case Browsing(Injection Molding)

Pre-RFQ 12-Point Checklist

  •  Uniform walls 2–3 mm; ribs 0.5–0.6×tH ≤ 3×t

  •  Draft: smooth ≥1°, texture ≥2–3°

  •  Internal radii R ≥ 0.5–0.6×t

  •  Gate into thick zone; clean A-surface; gate land sized correctly

  •  Vents 0.02–0.05 mm at weld/end-of-fill

  •  Undercuts minimized; side actions merged & short stroke

  •  Cooling: distance 1.0–1.5ר, pitch 3–4ר; hotspot countermeasures

  •  Ejection balanced; no risk of marks on cosmetics

  •  Datums A/B/C & critical dims defined; CMM plan attached

  •  Material/color/texture stated; shrink assumption aligned

  •  Steel selections & surface specs defined (polish/texture areas)

  •  Target capability: Cpk ≥1.33 / ≥1.67Gage R&R ≤10%

FAQ

Q1. Warpage on long, flat parts—how do you control it?

  • Design: keep walls uniform; add ribs orthogonal to bowing; avoid mass islands; place gate near the neutral axis.

  • Material: for PA66-GF, dry to ≤0.20% moisture; expect anisotropy—align flow with the long axis.

  • Molding: symmetric cooling; hold pressure plateau instead of a steep decay; pack until gate freeze (short-shot study).

  • Cooling: channels at 1.0–1.5ר depth, pitch 3–4ר; use conformal/Cu inserts at hotspots.

  • Acceptance: flatness & key dims Cpk ≥1.33 (critical ≥1.67) across ≥100 pcs at T2/T3.

Q2. Hot runner vs. cold runner—when does it pay back?

  • Quick test: if cold sprue > 8–12% of part weight and monthly volume is steady, a hot runner often pays back in 6–12 months.

  • Adders that favor hot runner: valve-gated cosmetics, expensive resin/color, multi-cavity balance.

  • Model TCO: upfront HR cost vs (sprue scrap + longer cycle + labor de-gate). We provide an ROI sheet and target a ≤12-month payback.

Q3. Multi-cavity balance is off—what’s the fastest way to fix it?

  • Diagnose: 90–95% short-shots, weigh each cavity—aim for ±1% weight spread.

  • Cold runner: adjust runner/gate diameters (restrictors) to equalize fill.

  • Hot runner: verify manifold ΔT ≤ ±5 °C; sync valve timings within ±10 ms.

  • After fix: repeat short-shots and 30-pc weight study; lock parameters once all cavities within ±1% and cosmetics OK.

Q4. How do you keep color and texture consistent lot-to-lot?

  • Color: masterbatch ratio tolerance ±0.2%; purge plan on every color change; keep residence time stable.

  • Texture: add +1–2° draft vs smooth; keep cavity surface Ra ≤ 0.2 µm before texturing; control cavity temp ±3 °C.

  • Inspection: light-booth ΔE checks; record texture plaque approvals in the FAI pack.

Q5. Glass-fiber parts flash and wear the tool—what to change?

  • Tooling: hardened gate inserts (H13/SKH with PVD/DLC); add draft on high-shear features; tighten parting support.

  • Process: lower injection speed peak, increase melt temp slightly to reduce shear; vent at 0.02–0.05 mm to avoid burn.

  • Maintenance: planned polish intervals for gates/parting; track flash trend vs. shot count.

Q6. Tight mating holes—molded or post-machined?

  • Rule of thumb: if tolerance tighter than ±0.02 mm or coaxiality/true position is safety-critical, plan post-machining (ream/boring/jig).

  • Otherwise: mold with steel-safe, converge after T1; verify on CMM with datum scheme.

  • Capability goal: critical fits Cpk ≥1.67 in pilot runs; backstopped by Gage R&R ≤10%.

Q7. Moisture control for hygroscopic resins (PC, PA) during trials?

  • PC: dry 120 °C, 3–4 h to ≤0.02% moisture;

  • PA66: dry 80 °C, 4–6 h to ≤0.20%;

  • Use a desiccant dryer with dew point ≤ −40 °C; log lot#, start/end moisture, dryer settings in the trial report.

Q8. Gate vestige on A-surface—how to eliminate it?

  • Prefer valve-gate or sub-gate to a hidden rib; keep gate land 0.6–1.0 mm and minimize shear.

  • Trim/deflash SOP with controlled tooling; polish flow witness out of A-surface regions.

  • Acceptance: visible vestige height < 0.05–0.10 mm (spec by customer), zero blush under standard lighting.

External References

CNC Machining Design Guide

Discover How SPI ™Super-ingenuity Delivers Precision CNC Machining for High-Performance Prototypes and Production Parts

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Mold / Injection Molding / Molding Technical Terms (Chinese‑Japanese‑English)

Types of Molds (Classified by Application or Structure)

Japanese Reading Chinese English
金型 かながた 模具 molding die, metal die
ダイ - 模头、凸模 die
射出成形用金型 しゃしゅつせいけいようかながた 注塑模具 injection molding die
二枚型金型 にまいがたかながた 二板式模具 two plate molding die
三枚型金型 さんまいがたかながた 三板式模具 three plate molding die
多数個取り金型 たすうこどりかながた 多型腔模具 multi-cavity molding die
組合せ金型 くみあわせかながた 成套制品模 family molding die
ホットランナー金型 ほんとらんなーかながた 热流道模具 hot-runner molding die
断熱ランナー金型 だんねつらんなーかながた 绝热流道式模 insulated runner mold
ランナーレス金型 らんなーれすかながた 无流道模具 runnerless molding die
電鋳金型 でんちゅうかながた 电铸模具 electroplating formed mold
二重金型 にじゅうかながた 双重模具 double stacked molding die
二層金型 にそうかながた 双层模具 two level molding die
亜鉛合金金型(ZAS金型) あえんごうきんかながた 锌合金模具 zinc alloy forming die
自動金型 じどうかながた 自动模具 automatic molding die
精密金型 せいみつかながた 精密模具 precision molding die
通気性金型 つうきせいかながた 通气性模具 porous molding die
石こう型 せっこうがた 石膏模 gypsum molding die
割型 - 对开式模具 split molding die

Mold Parts and Terminology

Japanese Reading Chinese English
アダプタープレート - 载模板 adapter plate
アダプターリング - 接模圈 adapter ring
当て板 あていた 垫板 caul
当て金 あてがね 锁块 punch heel
合せ穴 あわせあな 定位销孔 dowel hole
合せピン あわせぴん 定位销 dowel pin
アンカーピン - 锚销、固定销 anchor pin
アンギュラーカム - 斜位合模凸轮 angular cam
アンギュラーピン - 斜位销、斜导销 angular pin
アンダーカット - 凹槽 undercut
入れ子 いれこ 模槽嵌件 cavity/core insert
入れ子穴 いれこあな 模槽嵌件孔 insert hole
インサート金具 - 金属嵌件 metal insert
インサートピン - 嵌件销 insert pin
インサート部品 - 嵌件部品 insert part
インシュレータープレート - 隔热板 insulator plate
インデックスピン - 定位销 index pin
エジェクタープレート - 顶出板 ejector plate
エジェクターピン - 顶针 ejector pin
エジェクタースリーブ - 司筒 ejector sleeve
エジェクターレバー - 顶出杆 ejector lever
エスケープピン - 滑动销 escape pin
エッジゲート - 边缘浇口 edge gate
押え板 おさえばん 压板 retainer plate
押えピン おさえぴん 压销 retainer pin
ガイドピン - 导向销 guide pin
ガイドブッシュ - 导向衬套 guide bush
キャビティ - 型腔 cavity
キャビティブロック - 型腔块 cavity block
キャビティプレート - 型腔板 cavity plate
クランププレート - 压紧板 clamp plate
コア - 型芯 core
コアピン - 型芯销 core pin
コアブロック - 型芯块 core block
コアプレート - 型芯板 core plate
スプルーブッシュ - 主流道衬套 sprue bush
スプルーピン - 主流道顶针 sprue pin
スライドコア - 滑块 slide core
スライドプレート - 滑板 slide plate
スライドレール - 滑轨 slide rail
ストリッパープレート - 卸料板 stripper plate
ストリッパーリング - 卸料环 stripper ring
ダイプレート - 下模座板 die plate
チェッカープレート - 花纹钢板 checker plate
テンプレート - 模板 template
パーティングライン - 分型线 parting line
バルブゲート - 阀浇口 valve gate
ベースプレート - 底板 base plate
ポスト - 导柱 post
ホルダープレート - 固定板 holder plate
ランナーブッシュ - 流道衬套 runner bush
ランナーロックピン - 流道锁销 runner lock pin

Mold Machining / Mold Processing / Mold Fabrication

Japanese Reading Chinese English
合いマークあいまーく对刻印notch mark
あそび-游隙、间隙clearance
当り(あたり)-接触、刮研点contact
荒加工あらかこう粗加工rough machining
仕上げしあげ精加工finishing
仕上げしろしあげしろ修饰余量finishing allowance
試打ちためしうち试模塑trial shot / test molding
下向き削りしたむきけずり顺铣down-cut milling
上向き削りうわむきけずり逆铣up-cut milling
正味寸法しょうみすんぽう净尺寸net dimension
総型加工そうがたかこう成型加工form machining
切削仕上げせっさくしあげ切削加工cutting finish
切削油せっさくゆ切削油cutting oil
研削仕上げけんさくしあげ磨削加工grinding finish
鏡面仕上げきょうめんしあげ镜面加工mirror finish
荒取りあらどり粗铣rough cutting
荒削りあらけずり粗削rough cutting
重切削加工じゅうせっさくかこう强力切削heavy cutting
仕上げ削りしあげけずり精削finishing cut
手仕上げてしあげ手工修饰manual finishing
ショットブラスト-喷丸处理shot blast
スパーク加工-电火花加工spark machining / EDM
彫刻加工ちょうこくかこう雕刻加工engraving
彫り込みほりこみ雕刻凹槽engraving groove
ドリリング-钻孔drilling
バニシング-滚压加工burnishing
バリ取りばりとり去毛刺deburring
フライス加工-铣削加工milling
放電加工ほうでんかこう放电加工EDM
焼入れやきいれ淬火hardening
ラッピング-研磨抛光lapping
リーク試験りーくしけん漏气试验leak test

Forming / Molding Methods (Material Shaping Processes)

Japanese Reading Chinese English
圧縮成形あっしゅくせいけい压塑compression molding
移送成形いそうせいけい传递塑transfer molding
射出成形しゃしゅつせいけい注塑injection molding
押出成形おしだしせいけい挤塑extrusion molding
中空成形ちゅうくうせいけい吹塑blow molding
真空成形しんくうせいけい真空成形vacuum forming
発泡成形はっぽうせいけい发泡成形expansion molding
粉末射出成形ふんまつしゃしゅつせいけい粉末注塑powder injection molding
多色成形たしょくせいけい多色成形multi-color molding
二色成形にしょくせいけい双色成形two-color molding
インサート成形-嵌件注塑insert molding
アウトサート成形-外嵌件成形outsert molding
リブ成形-肋骨成形rib molding
シート成形-薄片成形sheet molding
回転成形かいてんせいけい回转成形rotational molding
液状成形えきじょうせいけい液体成形liquid molding
プレス成形-压制成形press molding
ロータリー成形-旋转成形rotary molding
カレンダー成形-压延成形calender molding
積層成形せきそうせいけい层压成形lamination molding

Molding Machine / Forming Machine

Japanese Reading Chinese English
射出成形機しゃしゅつせいけいき注塑机injection molding machine
油圧式射出成形機ゆあつしきしゃしゅつせいけいき液压式注塑机hydraulic injection molding machine
電動式射出成形機でんどうしきしゃしゅつせいけいき电动注塑机electric injection molding machine
ハイブリッド射出成形機-混合驱动注塑机hybrid injection molding machine
縦型射出成形機たてがたしゃしゅつせいけいき立式注塑机vertical injection molding machine
横型射出成形機よこがたしゃしゅつせいけいき卧式注塑机horizontal injection molding machine
二色射出成形機にしょくしゃしゅつせいけいき双色注塑机two-color injection molding machine
多色射出成形機たしょくしゃしゅつせいけいき多色注塑机multi-color injection molding machine
インサート成形機-嵌件成形机insert molding machine
ブロー成形機-吹塑机blow molding machine
押出成形機おしだしせいけいき挤塑机extrusion molding machine
真空成形機しんくうせいけいき真空成形机vacuum forming machine
圧縮成形機あっしゅくせいけいき压塑机compression molding machine
トランスファー成形機-转移模成形机transfer molding machine
粉末成形機ふんませいけいき粉末成形机powder molding machine
発泡成形機はっぽうせいけいき发泡成形机foam molding machine
回転成形機かいてんせいけいき回转成形机rotational molding machine
熱間成形機ねっかんせいけいき热成形机hot forming machine
冷間成形機れいかんせいけいき冷成形机cold forming machine

Molding Defects / Molding Problems

Japanese Reading Chinese English
あばた-陥坑、粗糙crater, pit
泡(あわ)あわ暗泡、空泡、气泡bubble
糸ひきいとひき蛛网筒子stringness
色ムラいろむら色相、着色不均color shading
ウエルドマーク-熔合痕weld mark
ウエルドライン-熔合纹weld line
かじり-咬住、卡住scuffing, galling
過剰充填かじょうじゅうちん过充填over packing
型くずれ、ぐいち-错箱、合模错位miss matching
型ずれかたずれ错位、偏芯mold shift
片減りかたへり偏向损坏swaying defacement
型きずかたきず模损、模痕mold mark
気泡きほう气泡bubble
亀裂(クラック)きれつ裂纹、龟裂crack
銀条ぎんじょう银丝纹、银线silver streak
くもり-雾状haze
クレーター-陥坑crater
ゲートマーク-浇口痕迹gate mark
光沢こうたく光泽gloss
黒条-黑条线black streak, brown streak
コールドスラグ-冷块cold slug
コールドフロー-冷形变cold flow
サーマルストレスクラッキング-热应力龟裂thermal stress cracking (TSC)
ジェッティング-凝纹jetting
充填不足/ショートショットじゅうてんふそく缺料、欠注short shot
条こんじょうこん浆糊斑streak
シルバーストリークぎんじょう银线纹silver streak
しわ-皱纹wrinkles
シンクマーク-缩痕、凹痕sink mark
すじあと-浪痕striation
ストレスクラック-应力龟裂stress crack
そり-翘曲warpage
退色たいしょく褪色discoloration, fading
脱泡-去泡defoaming
たてバリ-纵向飞边vertical flash
つぶれ-压溃、破坯collapse
波むらなみむら波纹waviness
ぬれ-湿润wetting
剥がれはがれ剥落scaling
白化はっか泛白blushing
鼻だれはなだれ凝霜sniveler
バリ-飞边、溢料flash
ひけ/ひけマーク-缩痕shrink mark
ヒズミ-应变strain
ひねり-扭曲twist
ひび-微裂纹crazing
ピンホール-针孔pin hole
フローマーク-流痕flow mark
フローライン-合流线flow line
フロストライン-冻结线frost line
ヘアクラック-细裂纹hair crack
ヘアライン-发纹hair line
変形へんけい变形deformation
変色へんしょく变色discoloration
ボイド-空隙void
ポックマーク-痘斑pock mark
まだら-斑点mottle
焼けやけ烧焦痕burn mark
焼付きやきつき摩擦烧伤seizing
離型不良りけいふりょう脱模不良poor mold release
割れわれ裂开、破裂crack, fissure
湾曲わんきょく弯曲crook

Main Application Fields of Molded Products / End-use Industries

Japanese Reading Chinese English
音響機器おんきょうきき音响设备sound apparatus
家庭用品かていようひん家庭用具household articles
玩具がんぐ玩具toy
教具関連器材きょうぐかんれんきざい教学关联用具education connected materials
雑貨ざっか杂货general cargo
自動車部品じどうしゃぶひん汽车部件automobile parts
照明器具しょうめいきぐ照明器材lighting implement
情報通信機器じょうほうつうしんきき信息通讯设备information and communication apparatus
電気製品でんきせいひん电气产品electric products
電化製品でんかせいひん电化产品electrification products
事務関連機器じむかんれんきき办公关联设备office equipment
複写(コピー)機器ふくしゃ(こぴー)きき复印机器copy apparatus
文房具ぶんぼうぐ文具stationery, writing materials
包装器材ほうそうきざい包装器材packing materials
コンテナー-容器、集装箱container
反射板はんしゃばん反射板reflection plate
フロンネルレンズ-菲涅尔透镜Fresnel lens

Production Management & Improvement / Kaizen

Japanese Reading Chinese English
かんばん方式かんばんほうしき看板方式Kanban system
後工程引取りあとこうていいんとり后工序领料subsequent process withdrawal
後工程はお客様あとこうていはおきゃくさま后工序是顾客next process is the customer
ジャストインタイム-准时化生产just in time (JIT)
生産平準化せいさんへいじゅんか生产平准化production leveling
外段取りそとだんどり外部换模准备external setup
内段取りうちだんどり内部换模准备internal setup
段取り替えだんどりがえ换模作业setup change
平準化へいじゅんか平准化leveling
平準化生産へいじゅんかせいさん平准化生产leveled production
一個流し生産いっこながしせいさん单件流生产one-piece flow production
セル生産-单元生产cell production
多能工たのうこう多能工multi-skilled worker
ポカヨケ-防错法poka-yoke (error proofing)
ムダ取りむだとり消除浪费waste elimination
改善(カイゼン)かいぜん改善Kaizen (continuous improvement)
5S-整理、整顿、清扫、清洁、素养5S (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain)
7つのムダななつのむだ七大浪费seven wastes
トヨタ生産方式とよたせいさんほうしき丰田生产方式Toyota Production System (TPS)
リーン生産方式-精益生产lean production
標準作業ひょうじゅんさぎょう标准作业standardized work
標準時間ひょうじゅんじかん标准时间standard time
品質管理ひんしつかんり品质管理quality control (QC)
統計的品質管理とうけいてきひんしつかんり统计的质量管理statistical quality control (SQC)
QC七つ道具QCななつどうぐQC七大手法seven QC tools
管理図かんりず管制图control chart
パレート図-柏拉图Pareto chart
特性要因図とくせいよういんず因果图、鱼骨图fishbone diagram / Ishikawa diagram

Materials (for Molds and Molding Applications)

Japanese Reading Chinese English
熱可塑性樹脂ねつかそせいじゅし热塑性树脂thermoplastic resin
熱硬化性樹脂ねつこうかせいじゅし热固性树脂thermosetting resin
ポリエチレン(PE)-聚乙烯polyethylene
ポリプロピレン(PP)-聚丙烯polypropylene
ポリスチレン(PS)-聚苯乙烯polystyrene
ABS樹脂-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS)
ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)-聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride
ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯polyethylene terephthalate
ポリアセタール(POM)-聚甲醛polyacetal / polyoxymethylene
ポリカーボネート(PC)-聚碳酸酯polycarbonate
ポリアミド(ナイロン、PA)-聚酰胺(尼龙)polyamide (nylon)
ポリウレタン(PU)-聚氨酯polyurethane
フッ素樹脂(PTFE)-氟树脂(聚四氟乙烯)fluororesin (PTFE)
エポキシ樹脂えぽきしじゅし环氧树脂epoxy resin
フェノール樹脂ふぇのーるじゅし酚醛树脂phenol resin
ユリア樹脂ゆりあじゅし三聚氰胺树脂urea resin
メラミン樹脂めらみんじゅし密胺树脂melamine resin
不飽和ポリエステル樹脂ふほうわぽりえすてるじゅし不饱和聚酯树脂unsaturated polyester resin
シリコーン樹脂-硅树脂silicone resin
ガラス繊維強化プラスチック(GFRP)-玻璃纤维增强塑料glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP)
炭素繊維強化プラスチック(CFRP)-碳纤维增强塑料carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)
エラストマー-弹性体elastomer
熱可塑性エラストマー(TPE)-热塑性弹性体thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
充填材じゅうてんざい填充材料filler
可塑剤かそざい增塑剂plasticizer
着色剤ちゃくしょくざい着色剂colorant
難燃剤なんねんざい阻燃剂flame retardant
安定剤あんていざい稳定剂stabilizer
離型剤りけいざい脱模剂release agent

Heat Treatment & Surface Treatment

Japanese Reading Chinese English
焼入れやきいれ淬火quenching
焼戻しやきもどし回火tempering
焼なましやきなまし退火annealing
応力除去焼なましおうりょくじょきょやきなまし去应力退火stress relief annealing
調質ちょうしつ调质heat treatment
窒化処理ちっかしょり渗氮处理nitriding
浸炭処理しんたんしょり渗碳处理carburizing
高周波焼入れこうしゅうはやきいれ高周波淬火induction hardening
真空焼入れしんくうやきいれ真空淬火vacuum hardening
イオン窒化-离子氮化ion nitriding
ホーニング-珩磨honing
ラッピング-研磨抛光lapping
ショットピーニング-喷丸处理shot peening
メッキ-电镀plating
クロムめっき-铬镀chrome plating
ニッケルめっき-镍镀nickel plating
亜鉛めっき-锌镀zinc plating
アルマイト処理-阳极氧化(铝)anodizing
黒染めくろぞめ发黑处理black oxide coating
PVDコーティング-物理气相沉积PVD coating (Physical Vapor Deposition)
CVDコーティング-化学气相沉积CVD coating (Chemical Vapor Deposition)
窒化チタンコーティング(TiN)-氮化钛涂层Titanium Nitride coating
ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(DLC)-类金刚石碳膜Diamond Like Carbon (DLC)

Measurement & Inspection

Japanese Reading Chinese English
ノギス-游标卡尺vernier caliper
マイクロメータ-千分尺micrometer
ダイヤルゲージ-百分表dial gauge
ハイトゲージ-高度尺height gauge
ブロックゲージ-量块gauge block
シクネスゲージ-塞尺thickness gauge / feeler gauge
ピンゲージ-针规pin gauge
限界ゲージげんかいげーじ极限规limit gauge
プラグゲージ-通止规(塞规)plug gauge
リングゲージ-环规ring gauge
三次元測定機さんじげんそくていき三坐标测量机coordinate measuring machine (CMM)
投影機とうえいき投影仪profile projector
顕微鏡けんびきょう显微镜microscope
硬度計こうどけい硬度计hardness tester
粗さ計あらさけい粗糙度仪surface roughness tester
輪郭形状測定機りんかくけいじょうそくていき轮廓测量仪contour measuring machine
真円度測定機しんえんどそくていき圆度测量机roundness measuring instrument
画像測定機がぞうそくていき影像测量仪image measuring instrument
三角スケール-三角尺triangular scale
コンパレータ-比较仪comparator
トルクレンチ-扭力扳手torque wrench
データロガー-数据记录仪data logger

CAD/CAM & Design Terminology

Japanese Reading Chinese English
CAD-计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design
CAM-计算机辅助制造Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAE-计算机辅助工程Computer Aided Engineering
NCデータ-数控数据NC data
NCプログラム-数控程序NC program
金型設計かながたせっけい模具设计mold design
3次元モデリングさんじげんもでりんぐ三维建模3D modeling
2次元図面にじげんずめん二维图纸2D drawing
アセンブリ図-装配图assembly drawing
部品図ぶひんず零件图part drawing
断面図だんめんず剖视图sectional drawing
寸法公差すんぽうこうさ尺寸公差dimensional tolerance
幾何公差きかこうさ几何公差geometrical tolerance
表面粗さひょうめんあらさ表面粗糙度surface roughness
射出解析しゃしゅつかいせき注塑分析injection analysis
流動解析りゅうどうかいせき流动分析flow analysis
冷却解析れいきゃくかいせき冷却分析cooling analysis
応力解析おうりょくかいせき应力分析stress analysis
有限要素法解析ゆうげんようそほうかいせき有限元分析Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis
モールドフロー-模流分析Mold Flow Analysis
ソリッドモデリング-实体建模solid modeling
サーフェスモデリング-曲面建模surface modeling

5S / 7S & Improvement Terminology

Japanese Reading Chinese English
整理せいり整理(区分要与不要)Seiri (Sort)
整頓せいとん整顿(定点、定位、定量)Seiton (Set in order)
清掃せいそう清扫(清除垃圾)Seiso (Shine)
清潔せいけつ清洁(保持干净)Seiketsu (Standardize)
しつけ素养(养成良好习惯)Shitsuke (Sustain)
安全あんぜん安全Safety
節約せつやく节约Saving
改善(カイゼン)かいぜん改善、持续改进Kaizen (Continuous Improvement)
ムダ-浪费Muda (Waste)
ムラ-不均衡Mura (Unevenness)
ムリ-过度负担Muri (Overburden)
見える化みえるか可视化Visualization
標準化ひょうじゅんか标准化Standardization
小集団活動しょうしゅうだんかつどう小组活动Small group activities
TPM(全員生産保全)-全面生产维护Total Productive Maintenance
ゼロ・ディフェクト-零缺陷Zero Defect
標準作業ひょうじゅんさぎょう标准作业Standardized Work
見本(サンプル)みほん样品Sample

Physical & Chemical Terminology

Japanese Reading Chinese English
圧力あつりょく压力pressure
温度おんど温度temperature
湿度しつど湿度humidity
時間じかん时间time
速度そくど速度speed
流速りゅうそく流速flow velocity
応力おうりょく应力stress
ひずみ-应变strain
粘度ねんど粘度viscosity
比重ひじゅう比重specific gravity
密度みつど密度density
熱伝導率ねつでんどうりつ导热率thermal conductivity
比熱ひねつ比热specific heat
融点ゆうてん熔点melting point
沸点ふってん沸点boiling point
ガラス転移点がらすてんいてん玻璃化转变点glass transition temperature
引張強さひっぱりつよさ抗拉强度tensile strength
曲げ強さまげつよさ抗弯强度bending strength
圧縮強さあっしゅくつよさ抗压强度compressive strength
衝撃強さしょうげきつよさ冲击强度impact strength
耐熱性たいねつせい耐热性heat resistance
耐薬品性たいやくひんせい耐药品性chemical resistance
絶縁性ぜつえんせい绝缘性insulation
導電性どうでんせい导电性conductivity
誘電率ゆうでんりつ介电常数dielectric constant
燃焼性ねんしょうせい燃烧性flammability
難燃性なんねんせい难燃性flame retardancy
透光性とうこうせい透光性light transmittance
屈折率くっせつりつ折射率refractive index

Other Technical Terminology

Japanese Reading Chinese English
サイクルタイム-成型周期cycle time
ショット数-注射次数number of shots
キャビ数-型腔数number of cavities
ランナー-流道runner
スプルー-主流道sprue
ゲート-浇口gate
オーバーフロー-溢流槽overflow
ベント-排气槽vent
クランプ力-锁模力clamping force
型締め力かたしめりょく合模力mold clamping force
射出圧力しゃしゅつあつりょく注射压力injection pressure
射出速度しゃしゅつそくど注射速度injection speed
保圧ほあつ保压holding pressure
冷却時間れいきゃくじかん冷却时间cooling time
樹脂温度じゅしおんど树脂温度resin temperature
金型温度かながたおんど模具温度mold temperature
離型剤りけいざい脱模剂release agent
イニシャル費用いにしゃるひよう初期费用initial cost
ランニングコスト-运转成本running cost
量産りょうさん量产mass production
試作しさく试作prototype
立ち上げたちあげ启动、导入start-up
段取りだんどり准备、工序安排setup / preparation
段替えだんがえ换模changeover
歩留まりぶどまり成品率yield
不良率ふりょうりつ不良率defect rate
直行率ちょっこうりつ一次合格率first pass yield (FPY)
稼働率かどうりつ稼动率operating rate
稼働時間かどうじかん稼动时间operating time
タクトタイム-节拍时间takt time

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